Preface
 
To the Student: How to Use This Book
                              Scoring the Pretest and Posttests
 
 
                              Recommendations for Instructor Use of This Book
 
 
 
Introduction
                              Three Generations of Behavior Change
 
 
                              Origins of the Behavior Change Approach
 
 
                              Characteristics of the Behavior Change Approach
 
 
                              Applications of the Behavior Change Approach
 
 
                              Journals and Professional Organizations
 
 
 
1. Specifying Behavior
                              Overt and Covert Behaviors
 
 
                              Clarifying Vague Terms and Fuzzy Language
 
 
                              Measuring Response Strength
 
 
                              The Behavioral Assessment Approach
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
2. Positive Reinforcement
                              Examples of Positive Reinforcement
 
 
                              Factors That Influence Reinforcer Effectiveness
 
 
                              How to Identify Potential Reinforcers
 
 
                              How to Evaluate the Effect of a Stimulus as a Positive Reinforcer
 
 
                              Reinforcement of Behavior: Social, Tangible, and Self-Administered
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
3. Extinction
                              Decreasing Response Strength
 
 
                              Single-Subject Evaluation Designs
 
 
                              Applying Extinction to Decrease Undesired Behaviors
 
 
                              Consistency and Control of Reinforcement
 
 
                              Positive Reinforcement of Appropriate Behaviors
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
4. Positive Reinforcement Contingencies
                              Behavioral Contingencies and Positive Reinforcement
 
 
                              Accidental Reinforcement Contingencies
 
 
                              Self-Control Reinforcement Contingencies
 
 
                              Continuous and Intermittent Reinforcement
 
 
                              Characteristics of Various Schedules of Reinforcement
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
5. Shaping and Response Differentiation
                              Differential Reinforcement
 
 
                              Shaping With Successive Approximations
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
6. Stimulus Control: Discrimination and Generalization
                              The Discrimination Training Procedure
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
7. Conditioned Reinforcement and Chaining
                              Conditioned Reinforcement
 
 
                              Simple and Generalized Conditioned Reinforcers
 
 
                              Establishing a Conditioned Reinforcer
 
 
                              Establishing Relationships With Clients
 
 
                              Fading Out Unconditioned Reinforcers
 
 
                              Developing New Behaviors Using Chaining
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
8. Modeling and Imitation
                              The Role of Modeling and Imitation in the Acquisition of Behaviors
 
 
                              The Modeling Plus Positive Reinforcement Procedure
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
9. Punishment
                              Aversive Stimuli and Punishers
 
 
                              Physical Punishment and Spanking
 
 
                              Extinction and Negative Punishment
 
 
                              Maximizing the Effectiveness of Punishment
 
 
                              Punishment and Self-Control
 
 
                              Disadvantages of Punishment
 
 
                              Alternatives to Punishment
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
10. Negative Reinforcement
                              Negative Reinforcers, Punishers, and Aversive Stimuli
 
 
                              Phobias and Negative Reinforcement
 
 
                              Superstitious Behavior and Negative Reinforcement
 
 
                              Negative Reinforcement and Interpersonal Relationships
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
11. Respondent Conditioning
                              Respondent Conditioning of Phobias
 
 
                              Escape, Avoidance, and Respondent Conditioning
 
 
                              Operant and Respondent Control of Behaviors
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
12. Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
                              Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
 
 
                              Obstacles to the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
 
 
                              Strategies for Promoting the Generalization and Maintenance of Behavior Change
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
13. Behavioral Assessment
                              Introduction to Behavioral Assessment
 
 
                              Cultural Diversity and Cultural Competency
 
 
                              Elements of Behavioral Assessment
 
 
                              Interviews and Assessment Instruments
 
 
                              Functional Behavioral Assessment
 
 
                              Identifying Controlling Relationships With RAC-S
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
14. Goal Setting, Intervention Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation
                              Formulating Behavior Change Goals
 
 
                              Developing the Intervention Plan
 
 
                              Implementation of the Behavior Change Program
 
 
                              Evaluating the Effectiveness of the Behavior Change Program
 
 
                              Behaviorally Oriented Record Keeping
 
 
                              Outline of the Problem-Solving Framework
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
15. Clinical Application of Behavioral and Cognitive Intervention Techniques
                              Cognitive-Behavioral Techniques
 
 
                              Behavioral Activation Therapy
 
 
                              Third-Generation Behavior Change Approaches
 
 
                              Mindfulness-Based Interventions
 
 
                              Considerations in Choosing Intervention Techniques
 
 
                              Chapter Posttest Questions
 
 
 
Appendix 1: Case Examples
 
Appendix 2: Chapter Pretest Questions
 
Appendix 3: Chapter Pretest Answers
 
Appendix 4: Chapter Posttest Answers
 
Appendix 5: Course Posttest Questions
 
Appendix 6: Course Posttest Answers
 
Appendix 7: Notational Symbols and Behavioral Diagrams
 
Glossary
 
Author Index
 
Subject Index
 
About the Authors