Preface
 
Acknowledgements
 
About the Authors
 
Part I Yippee! I’m in Statistics	
 
Chapter 1.	Statistics or Sadistics? It’s Up to You
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              A 5-Minute History of Statistics
 
 
                              Statistics: What it is and Isn’t
 
 
                              What am I doing in a Statistics Class?
 
 
                              Ten Ways to Use this Book (and Learn Statistics at the Same Time)
 
 
 
Part II Welcome to the Interesting, Flexible, Useful, Fun and (Very) Deep Worlds of R and RStudio
 
Chapter 2.	Here’s Why We Love R and How to Get Started
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              A Very Short History of R
 
 
                              Where to Find and Download R
 
 
                              Where to Find RStudio and How to Install It
 
 
 
Chapter 3.	Using RStudio: Much Easier Than You Think
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              Why RStudio (and Why Not Just R?)
 
 
                              The Grand Tour and All About Those Four Panes
 
 
                              Showing Your Stuff – Working With Menus and Tabs and A Sample Data Analysis Using RStudio
 
 
                              Next Step: Using and Importing Datasets
 
 
                              Reading in Established Datasets
 
 
                              Computing Some Statistics
 
 
 
Part III Sigma Freud and Descriptive Statistics
 
Chapter 4.	Means to an End: Computing and Understanding Averages
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter Computing the Mean
 
 
                              When to Use What Measure of Central Tendency (and All You Need to Know About Scales of Measurement for Now)
 
 
                              Using the Computer to Compute Descriptive Statistics
 
 
 
Chapter 5.	 Understanding Variability: Vive la Différence
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              Why Understanding Variability is Important
 
 
                              Computing the Standard Deviation
 
 
                              Using R to Compute Measures of Variability
 
 
 
Chapter 6.	Creating Graphs: A Picture Really Is Worth a Thousand Words
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              Ten Ways to a Great Graphic
 
 
                              First Things First: Creating a Frequency Distribution
 
 
                              The Plot Thickens: Creating a Histogram
 
 
                              The Next Step: A Frequency Polygon
 
 
                              Other Cool Ways to Chart Data
 
 
                              Using the Computer (R, That Is) to Illustrate Data
 
 
 
Chapter 7.	Computing Correlation Coefficients: Ice Cream and Crime
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              What are Correlations All About?
 
 
                              Computing a Simple Correlation Coefficient
 
 
                              Understanding What the Correlation Coefficient Means
 
 
                              A Determined Effort: Squaring the Correlation Coefficient
 
 
                              Parting Ways: A Bit About Partial Correlations
 
 
 
Chapter 8:  Understanding Reliability and Validity: Just the Truth
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              An Introduction to Reliability and Validity
 
 
                              Reliability: Doing it Again Until You Get it Right
 
 
                              Different Types of Reliability
 
 
                              How Big is Big? Finally: Interpreting Reliability Coefficients
 
 
                              Validity: Whoa! What is the Truth?
 
 
                              Validity and Reliability: Really Close Cousins
 
 
 
Part IV Taking Chances for Fun and Profit
 
Chapter 9.	Hypotheticals and You: Testing Your Questions
                              What You Will Learn in This Chapter
 
 
                              So You Want to Be a Scientist
 
 
                              What Makes a Good Hypothesis?
 
 
 
Chapter 10.	Probability and Why It Counts: Fun with a Bell-Shaped Curve
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              The Normal Curve (A.K.A The Bell-Shaped Curve)
 
 
                              Our Favorite Standard Score
 
 
                              Fat and Skinny Frequency Distributions
 
 
 
Part IV Significantly Different: Using Inferential Statistics	
 
Chapter 11.	Significantly Significant: What It Means for You and Me	
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              The Concept of Significance
 
 
                              Significance Versus Meaningfulness
 
 
                              An Introduction to Inferential Statistics
 
 
                              An Introduction to Tests of Significance
 
 
 
12. The One-Sample Z-Test: Only the Lonely
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction to the One-Sample Z-Test
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Computing the Z-Test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Perform a Z-Test
 
 
                              Special Effects: Are Those Differences for Real?
 
 
 
Chapter 13.	t(ea) for Two: Tests Between the Means of Different Groups
                              What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction to the t-test for Independent Samples
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Computing the t-Test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Perform a t-Test
 
 
 
14.	t(ea) for Two (Again): Tests Between the Means of Related Groups
                              What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction of the t-Test for Dependent Samples
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Computing the t-Test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Perform a t-Test
 
 
                              The Effect Size for t(ea) for Two (Again)
 
 
 
Chapter 15.	Two Groups Too Many? Try Analysis of Variance	
                              Introduction to Analysis of Variance
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Different Flavors of ANOVA
 
 
                              Computing the F-test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Compute the F Ratio
 
 
                              The Effect Size for One-Way ANOVA
 
 
                              But Where is the Difference?
 
 
 
Chapter 16.	Two Too Many Factors: Factorial Analysis of Variance—A Brief Introduction
                              What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction to Factorial Analysis of Variance
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Even More Interesting Interaction Effects
 
 
                              Using R to Compute the F Ratio
 
 
                              Computing the Effect Size for Factorial ANOVA
 
 
 
Chapter 17.	Testing Relationships Using the Correlation Coefficient: Cousins or Just Good Friends?
                              What You’ll Learn About in This Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction to Testing the Correlation Coefficient
 
 
                              The Path to Wisdom and Knowledge
 
 
                              Computing the Test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Compute a Correlation Coefficient (Again)
 
 
 
18.	Using Linear Regression: Predicting the Future
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction to Linear Regression
 
 
                              What is Prediction All About?
 
 
                              Drawing the World’s Best Line (for Your Data)
 
 
                              How Good is Your Prediction?
 
 
                              Using R to Compute the Regression Line
 
 
                              The More Predictors the Better? Maybe
 
 
 
Part VI More Statistics! More Tools! More Fun!
 
Chapter 19.	 Chi-Square and Some Other Nonparametric Tests: What to Do When You’re Not Normal
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              Introduction toe Nonparametric Statistics
 
 
                              Introduction to the Goodness of Fit (One-Sample) Chi-Square
 
 
                              Computing the Goodness of Fit Chi-Square Test Statistic
 
 
                              Introduction to the Test of Independence Chi-Square
 
 
                              Computing the Test of Independence Chi-Square Test Statistic
 
 
                              Using R to Perform Chi-Square Tests
 
 
 
20.	Some Other (Important) Statistical Procedures You Should Know About: A Statistical Software Sampler
                              What You’ll Learn About in this Chapter
 
 
                              Multivariate Analysis of Variance
 
 
                              Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance
 
 
                              Structural Equation Modeling
 
 
 
Appendix A: More Fun Stuff with R and RStudio
 
Appendix B: Tables
 
Appendix C: Data Sets
 
Appendix D: Answers to Practice Questions
 
Appendix E: Math: Just the Basics	
 
Appendix F: The Ten (or More) Best (and Most Fun) Internet Sites for Statistics Stuff
 
Appendix G: The Ten Commandments of Data Collection
 
Appendix H: Glossary
 
Appendix I: The Reward	
 
Index